31st President · 1929–1933 · Republican
Herbert Hoover
A gifted engineer who began the Hoover Dam and the Good Neighbor turn, then failed the country in the Depression and drove out the Bonus Army.
OverallB-GPA 2.64
The grades
- SovereigntyDid they put American interests first and keep decisions in American hands?B
- HemisphereDid they guard the Americas against rival powers and threats?A-
- RestraintDid they keep the country out of wars of choice that weakened it?A-
- StatecraftDid they use diplomacy, force and alliances skillfully, on American terms?B-
- Industry and tradeDid they protect and build American industry?B-
- Working AmericansDid ordinary working families do better because of them?D
- BuildingDid they build things that lasted and push the frontier forward?B
- NationDid they strengthen a shared American identity and the Union?C
- CompetenceWere they capable, honest and effective in office?C
On the axes
MarketEconomyPopulist
Free tradeTradeProtectionist
RestraintForeign policyInterventionist
CosmopolitanNationNational
Dark dot: Herbert Hoover. Red mark: the Monroe Society. Ideological closeness to the Society: 79%.